1. The composition of the solar power system
The solar power generation system mainly includes: a solar battery module, a controller, a battery, an inverter, a load, and the like. Among them, the solar cell module and the battery are power supply systems, the controller and the inverter are control protection systems, and the load is a system terminal.
2. Solar module
The solar cell module is the core part of the power generation system, and its function is to directly convert the radiant energy of the sun into direct current for use by the load or stored in the battery for use. Generally, according to the needs of users, a number of solar panels are connected in a certain manner to form a solar array (array), and then equipped with appropriate brackets and junction boxes to form a solar battery module.
3. Charge controller
In the solar power generation system, the basic function of the charge controller is to provide the best charging current and voltage for the battery, to charge the battery quickly, smoothly and efficiently, and to reduce the loss during the charging process and to maximize the service life of the battery; Protect the battery from overcharging and overdischarging. The advanced controller can simultaneously record and display various important data of the system, such as charging current, voltage and so on. The main functions of the controller are as follows:
(1) Overcharge protection Avoid damage to the battery due to excessive charging voltage.
(2) Over-discharge protection Avoid damage to the battery due to discharge to excessive voltage.
(3) Anti-reverse function Prevents the battery and solar panel from being connected to the positive and negative poles and can not be used or even cause an accident.
(4) Lightning protection function Avoid damage to the entire system due to lightning strikes.
(5) Temperature compensation Mainly for places with large temperature difference, to ensure that the battery is in the best charging effect.
(6) Timing function Control the working time of the load to avoid energy waste.
(7) Overcurrent protection When the load is too large or short circuit, the load is automatically cut off to ensure the safe operation of the system.
(8) Overheat protection When the system operating temperature is too high, it will automatically stop supplying power to the load. After the fault is removed, it will automatically resume normal operation.
(9) Automatic identification of voltage? For different system operating voltages, automatic identification, no additional settings are required.
4. Battery
The function of the battery is to store the direct current of the solar cell array for use by the load. In a photovoltaic power generation system, the battery is in a floating charge and discharge state. During the day, the solar cell array charges the battery, and the colleague's square array also supplies power to the load. At night, the load power is all supplied by the battery. Therefore, the self-discharge effect of the battery is required, and charging Xiaoling is to be done. Colleagues should also consider factors such as the price and ease of use.
5. Inverter
Most of the electrical appliances, such as fluorescent lamps, televisions, refrigerators, electric fans and most power machinery, work on alternating current. In order for such electrical appliances to work properly, solar power systems need to convert direct current into alternating current. A power electronic device having such a function is called an inverter. The inverter also has an automatic voltage regulation function to improve the power quality of the photovoltaic system.